Holiday Homework of class 10th Manan Vidya Manrakhan Mahto School
✅ COVER PAGE (Handmade & Simple as per instructions)
Here’s the design idea and what to include:
🖌️ Cover Page Design for Handmade Project
📄 Title (center-aligned and large font):
THE INDUS WATERS TREATY: A Lifeline Across Borders
🏫 Submitted To (left-aligned):
Manan Vidya Manrakhan Mahto School
Class X – Multidisciplinary Project
Subject Teachers: English, Hindi, Maths, Science, Social Science, Computer
🙋♂️ Submitted By (right-aligned):
Name: Aditya Raj
Class: X
Roll No.: 34
Session: 2025–26
🎨 Visual Elements (to draw):
A river flowing across India and Pakistan
Flags of both countries in corners
A small map of the Indus River basin
Water drops or globe to symbolize peace and sustainability
Make it neat and colorful, but not too decorative. Use pencils, blue pens, and light sketch pens for a clean look.
✅ FINAL COMPILATION GUIDE (Arrange in this order)
Your project must be compiled in one file on A4 sheets in this sequence:
🔢 Order of Subjects (Each 4–5 Pages):
Cover Page (handmade)
Table of Contents
(List of Subjects with Page Numbers)English Section
Report Writing + Data Interpretation
Hindi Section
जल विवाद, सिंधु जल संधि, रचनात्मक लेखन
Mathematics Section
Data, Statistics, Bar Graphs, Pie Chart
Science Section
Sustainability, Climate, Ecology
Social Science Section
Geography + History + Political View
Computer / IT Section
Excel Visuals + PPT Summary
Conclusion (optional but recommended)
A short 1-page handwritten summary about what you learned through this project
📌 Final Tips:
Use A4 white ruled sheets
Write with blue or black ink
Highlight headings with sketch pens
Paste any charts, graphs, or maps
Put pages in a transparent folder or spiral-bind them
📚 Table of Contents
(Write this neatly on a fresh A4 sheet after your cover page.)
S.No. |
Subject |
Topic |
Page No. |
|---|---|---|---|
1 |
English |
Report Writing and Data Interpretation on the Indus Waters Treaty |
1–4 |
2 |
Hindi |
जल विवाद, पर्यावरणीय संकट, भारत-पाक संबंध, रचनात्मक लेखन |
5–8 |
3 |
Mathematics |
Water Flow Statistics, Bar Graphs, Pie Charts |
9–12 |
4 |
Science |
Sustainability Issues, Climate Change, Ecological Balance |
13–16 |
5 |
Social Science |
Map Work, History, Treaty Formation, Bilateral Relations |
17–20 |
6 |
Computer / IT |
Excel Data Visuals and PowerPoint Presentation |
21–24 |
7 |
Final Conclusion |
Project Learning & Reflection |
25 |
📝 Note: You can adjust the page numbers depending on your actual writing.
✅ Final Conclusion (Page 25)
(Write this by hand as the final page of your project)
Conclusion: The Indus Waters Treaty – A Lifeline Across Borders
The Indus Waters Treaty stands as a remarkable example of how two nations—despite political tensions—can cooperate for the betterment of their people. Through this multidisciplinary project, I have learned that water is not just a natural resource but a tool for diplomacy, development, and peace.
From studying river flow statistics in Mathematics, to sustainability in Science, and analyzing the historical and political aspects in Social Science, I have gained a broader perspective on the importance of shared natural resources.
English and Hindi helped me express these ideas creatively, while Computer Science taught me how to present information using technology like Excel and PowerPoint. I now understand how interdisciplinary knowledge builds real-world understanding.
This project taught me not only about the Indus Waters Treaty but also how nations can solve problems through dialogue, treaties, and respect for shared resources.
🌊 Water should unite us, not divide us.
Subject: English
Project Topic: The Indus Waters Treaty – A Lifeline Across Borders
Total Pages: 4–5 (for A4 handwritten submission)
✍️ Page 1: Report Writing on the Indus Waters Treaty
Title: The Indus Waters Treaty – A Model of Cooperation in Turbulent Times
The Indus Waters Treaty (IWT) is a water-distribution agreement between India and Pakistan, brokered by the World Bank and signed on 19 September 1960. It governs the use of the waters from six rivers of the Indus basin – Indus, Jhelum, Chenab (western rivers), and Ravi, Beas, Sutlej (eastern rivers).
According to the treaty, the eastern rivers were allocated to India for exclusive use, while the western rivers were given largely to Pakistan, with India allowed limited usage. Despite several wars and decades of political tensions, the treaty has withstood the test of time and is considered one of the most successful examples of transboundary water cooperation.
The treaty holds relevance today due to increasing water scarcity, climate change, and strained bilateral relations. It showcases how diplomacy and dialogue can lead to peaceful solutions even in complex scenarios.
✍️ Page 2: Creative Writing – A Letter from the River
Title: A Letter from the Indus River
Dear Children of India and Pakistan,
I am the Indus River –
ancient, mighty, and flowing through your lands since time
immemorial. I have quenched the thirst of your ancestors, irrigated
your fields, and nourished your civilizations.
I saw the rise of Mohenjo-daro, the footsteps of Alexander, and the Partition of 1947. I was divided between two nations, but I kept flowing, silently, steadily.
In 1960, when you signed the Indus Waters Treaty, I felt hope again. You decided to share me—not fight over me. That was wisdom!
But today, I feel the weight of pollution, dams, climate change, and fear of war. I beg you, protect me. Share me with love. I don’t belong to one nation—I belong to all who care for me.
With eternal flow,
The Indus
✍️ Page 3: Data Interpretation & Analytical Writing
Title: Understanding the Treaty Through Data
Water Allocation (approximate):
India → 20% of total Indus waters
Pakistan → 80% of total Indus waters
Important Figures:
Total river flow of the Indus system: ~168 million acre-feet (MAF)
Allocated to India: ~33 MAF
Allocated to Pakistan: ~135 MAF
Interpretation:
The treaty clearly favors
Pakistan in terms of volume. However, the division is based on
geography: the western rivers primarily flow through Pakistan. India,
while allowed limited non-consumptive uses (like hydroelectric
power), must follow strict guidelines.
Visual (for your notebook):
Draw a bar
chart or pie chart showing this distribution.
✍️ Page 4: Paragraph Writing – Treaty’s Modern Relevance
In today’s context, the Indus Waters Treaty remains highly relevant. With water stress increasing due to population growth and climate change, cooperation is vital. Both India and Pakistan have accused each other of violations, yet the treaty has never been completely broken.
The World Bank continues to play the role of a neutral mediator. Despite political tensions, the two nations regularly hold meetings under the treaty’s mechanism to resolve water-related concerns. This shows the maturity of both sides in handling a shared natural resource.
✍️ Page 5: Conclusion + Your Thoughts
The Indus Waters Treaty teaches us many lessons. It shows that even hostile nations can come to peaceful agreements if they prioritize people over politics. It highlights the importance of diplomacy, environmental conservation, and sustainable development.
As students, we must understand that water is life, and sharing it wisely is the key to peaceful coexistence. Let us grow up with this mindset and contribute to a better, greener world.
विषय: हिंदी
परियोजना शीर्षक: सिंधु जल संधि – सीमाओं के पार जीवनरेखा
कुल पृष्ठ: 4–5 (A4 पृष्ठों पर हस्तलिखित कार्य के लिए)
✍️ पृष्ठ 1: अनुच्छेद लेखन – जल विवाद और पर्यावरणीय संकट
शीर्षक: जल विवाद – एक बढ़ता हुआ पर्यावरणीय संकट
जल, जीवन का आधार है। जब किसी देश या क्षेत्र में जल की कमी होती है, तो वहां तनाव और संघर्ष की स्थिति उत्पन्न हो जाती है। भारत और पाकिस्तान के बीच सिंधु जल संधि के अंतर्गत जल का बँटवारा किया गया है, जो कि एक ऐतिहासिक और पर्यावरणीय दृष्टि से महत्वपूर्ण निर्णय था।
जल विवाद का सबसे बड़ा प्रभाव पर्यावरण पर पड़ता है – जैसे नदियों का सूखना, भूजल स्तर में गिरावट, जैव विविधता का नाश, और पारिस्थितिकी तंत्र का असंतुलन। इसीलिए, जल संसाधनों का विवेकपूर्ण और न्यायपूर्ण उपयोग अत्यंत आवश्यक है।
✍️ पृष्ठ 2: निबंध – सिंधु जल संधि और भारत-पाक संबंध
शीर्षक: सिंधु जल संधि – जल बँटवारे की एक शांतिपूर्ण पहल
सिंधु जल संधि भारत और पाकिस्तान के बीच एक महत्वपूर्ण अंतर्राष्ट्रीय समझौता है, जो 1960 में विश्व बैंक की मध्यस्थता से हुआ था। इस संधि के अंतर्गत भारत को तीन पूर्वी नदियाँ – रावी, ब्यास, और सतलज मिलीं, जबकि पाकिस्तान को तीन पश्चिमी नदियाँ – सिंधु, चिनाब और झेलम दी गईं।
इस संधि ने भारत-पाक संबंधों को स्थिरता प्रदान की, विशेष रूप से ऐसे समय में जब दोनों देशों के बीच युद्ध और तनाव चल रहा था। यह संधि इस बात का प्रतीक है कि शांतिपूर्ण बातचीत से किसी भी विवाद का समाधान संभव है।
✍️ पृष्ठ 3: रचनात्मक लेखन – एक नदी की आत्मकथा
शीर्षक: मैं हूँ सिंधु – एक मौन साक्षी
मैं सिंधु हूँ – एक पवित्र, प्राचीन और जीवनदायिनी नदी। मैं हज़ारों वर्षों से हिमालय से निकलकर भारत और पाकिस्तान की धरती को सींचती आ रही हूँ। कभी मैं एकजुट थी, अब विभाजित हूँ। लेकिन मेरा प्रवाह अब भी अविरल है।
1947 के बंटवारे के बाद मुझे भी बाँट दिया गया। मुझे दुख हुआ, पर 1960 में जब सिंधु जल संधि हुई, तो मैं फिर से मुस्कराई। दो देशों ने मिलकर मुझे साझा करने का निर्णय लिया – यह मानवता की जीत थी।
आज मैं चिंता में हूँ। मेरे जल में कचरा है, मेरे तटों पर प्रदूषण है। कृपया मुझे बचाइए। मैं केवल नदी नहीं, जीवन हूँ।
✍️ पृष्ठ 4: संवाद लेखन – शिक्षक और छात्र के बीच
विषय: सिंधु जल संधि पर चर्चा
छात्र: सर, सिंधु जल संधि क्या है?
शिक्षक: यह भारत और पाकिस्तान के बीच 1960 में हुई एक जल संधि है, जिसमें नदियों का बँटवारा किया गया है।
छात्र: क्या यह आज भी लागू है?
शिक्षक: हाँ, यह अब भी लागू है और दोनों देश इसका पालन कर रहे हैं, भले ही उनके राजनीतिक संबंध तनावपूर्ण हों।
छात्र: क्या यह जल संकट को हल करने में मदद करती है?
शिक्षक: हाँ, अगर इसे सही तरीके से लागू किया जाए और दोनों देश सहयोग करें, तो यह जल संकट को काफी हद तक नियंत्रित कर सकती है।
✍️ पृष्ठ 5: निष्कर्ष – आपका विचार
जल केवल संसाधन नहीं, जीवन की संजीवनी है। सिंधु जल संधि इस बात का प्रतीक है कि जल विवादों को बातचीत और समझदारी से सुलझाया जा सकता है। यह संधि आने वाली पीढ़ियों के लिए एक सीख है कि प्राकृतिक संसाधनों का न्यायपूर्ण वितरण कितना आवश्यक है।
हमें जल की महत्ता को समझना होगा और इसे सहेजना होगा – तभी प्रकृति और समाज दोनों सुरक्षित रह पाएँगे।
Subject: Mathematics
Project Topic: The Indus Waters Treaty – A Lifeline Across Borders
Total Pages: 4–5 (for A4 handwritten submission)
Focus
Areas: Water Flow Statistics, Pie/Bar Chart Showing Allocation
✍️ Page 1: Introduction to Water Statistics
What is the Indus Water Treaty?
The Indus Waters Treaty (IWT) of 1960 divided the six rivers of the Indus Basin between India and Pakistan. Here is a mathematical overview:
Total Average Flow: ~168 million acre-feet (MAF) per year
India's Share: ~33 MAF (approx. 20%)
Pakistan's Share: ~135 MAF (approx. 80%)
This water division is crucial for irrigation, electricity, and drinking water for both nations. The statistics help us understand the fairness and impact of the treaty.
✍️ Page 2: Tabular Data on River Allocation
River Name |
Country Allocated |
Flow (MAF) |
Type of Usage |
|---|---|---|---|
Indus |
Pakistan |
65.5 |
Irrigation, domestic |
Jhelum |
Pakistan |
23.0 |
Irrigation |
Chenab |
Pakistan |
26.0 |
Irrigation, hydro |
Ravi |
India |
7.2 |
Irrigation |
Beas |
India |
15.9 |
Irrigation, hydro |
Sutlej |
India |
10.0 |
Irrigation, hydro |
Total Pakistan Usage = 114.5 MAF (approx.)
Total
India Usage = 33.1 MAF (approx.)
This table can be used to draw graphs in the next pages.
✍️ Page 3: Pie Chart – Percentage Allocation of Water
📌 Instructions for Drawing Pie Chart (by hand):
Total Water = 168 MAF → Represent this as 360°
India’s Share (33 MAF) = (33 / 168) × 360° ≈ 70.71°
Pakistan’s Share (135 MAF) = (135 / 168) × 360° ≈ 289.29°
➡️ Label:
Shade one section (approx. 71°) for India
Shade the larger section (approx. 289°) for Pakistan
Add a legend with color codes
Title: “Water Allocation under the Indus Waters Treaty – Pie Chart”
✍️ Page 4: Bar Graph – River-wise Distribution
📌 Instructions for Bar Graph:
River |
Water Volume (MAF) |
Country |
|---|---|---|
Indus |
65.5 |
Pakistan |
Jhelum |
23.0 |
Pakistan |
Chenab |
26.0 |
Pakistan |
Ravi |
7.2 |
India |
Beas |
15.9 |
India |
Sutlej |
10.0 |
India |
On X-axis: River names
On Y-axis: Flow in MAF (0 to 70 scale)
Two color bars: Blue for Pakistan, Orange for India
Title: “River-wise Water Flow Allocation”
✍️ Page 5: Calculations & Real-life Applications
Example Calculation 1: Percentage Share
Let’s calculate India's percentage share:
Percentage=(33168)×100≈19.64%\text{Percentage} = \left( \frac{33}{168} \right) \times 100 \approx 19.64\%Percentage=(16833)×100≈19.64%
Example Calculation 2: If 1 MAF = 1.233 billion cubic meters (BCM)
How much water in BCM is allocated to Pakistan?
135 MAF=135×1.233=166.455 BCM135 \text{ MAF} = 135 \times 1.233 = 166.455 \text{ BCM}135 MAF=135×1.233=166.455 BCM
✍️ Conclusion:
Math helps us understand the exact distribution of precious resources like water. Through statistics, percentages, graphs, and logical analysis, we can see how crucial fair distribution is for peace and sustainability.
Subject: Science
Project Topic: The Indus Waters Treaty – A Lifeline Across Borders
Total Pages: 4–5 (A4 handwritten format)
Focus
Areas: Sustainability Issues, Climate Change, Ecological Balance
✍️ Page 1: Introduction – The Role of Science in Water Sharing
Water is a vital natural resource and a key element in the survival of ecosystems and human societies. The Indus Waters Treaty (1960) was not just a political agreement but also a step towards scientific water management.
The treaty plays a crucial role in:
Ensuring sustainable use of river water
Preventing conflicts over shared water bodies
Supporting agriculture, industry, and ecology
Science helps us monitor and manage water through:
Hydrology (study of water flow)
Meteorology (rainfall patterns)
Climate science (long-term changes)
Environmental science (impact on ecosystems)
✍️ Page 2: Sustainability Issues in the Indus Basin
❗ Current Problems:
Overuse of river water for irrigation in both countries
Reduction in groundwater due to over-pumping
Glacier melting in the Himalayas (main source of Indus)
Water pollution from industrial waste and pesticides
✅ Solutions (Scientific Approach):
Rainwater harvesting and groundwater recharge
Efficient irrigation systems (like drip irrigation)
Recycling wastewater for reuse
Using satellite data to monitor river flow
👉 Science provides the tools to manage water sustainably and equitably for future generations.
✍️ Page 3: Climate Change and the Indus River System
🌍 Impact of Climate Change:
Himalayan glaciers are melting at an accelerated rate due to global warming.
Erratic rainfall patterns lead to floods and droughts.
River flow is becoming unpredictable, affecting agriculture.
📊 Scientific Data:
Studies show that glacier retreat in the Himalayas has increased by 30–40% over the past 30 years.
Annual flow in Indus rivers has shown seasonal variations.
🧪 What Science Recommends:
Develop early warning systems for floods
Promote climate-resilient crops
Switch to renewable energy to reduce carbon footprint
Create cross-border environmental monitoring networks
✍️ Page 4: Ecological Balance in the Indus Region
The Indus basin supports diverse flora and fauna, wetlands, and fertile plains.
🌱 Importance of Ecological Balance:
Maintains soil fertility
Supports aquatic life
Helps in temperature regulation and carbon absorption
⚠️ Environmental Challenges:
Reduced water flow → Dying wetlands
Excessive irrigation → Waterlogging & soil salinity
Polluted rivers → Threat to biodiversity
🌿 Scientific Conservation Measures:
Afforestation near river banks
Protection of wetland zones
Monitoring biodiversity using drones and remote sensing
Promoting organic farming to reduce chemical runoff
✍️ Page 5: Science in Action – A Sustainable Water Future
Science and technology can help:
Build eco-friendly dams that allow fish movement
Design smart irrigation systems using IoT sensors
Use GIS mapping for river management
Develop clean hydropower from flowing rivers
💡 Final Thought:
Sustainability and science must go hand in hand. The Indus Waters Treaty must evolve with scientific advancements to protect water as a shared lifeline, not a source of conflict.
Subject: Social Science
Project Topic: The Indus Waters Treaty – A Lifeline Across Borders
Total Pages: 4–5 (A4 handwritten)
Subtopics:
Map Work, Water Distribution, Topography, Historical Background,
Treaty Formation, Bilateral Relations
✍️ Page 1: Geography – Understanding the Indus River System
🗺️ Map Work & Water Distribution
The Indus River System consists of six rivers: Indus, Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej.
These rivers originate mostly in India (from the Himalayas) and flow into Pakistan, making it a transboundary river system.
🖍️ Activity for Handwriting:
Draw a labeled map of India and Pakistan showing the flow of all six rivers.
Highlight the three western rivers (Indus, Jhelum, Chenab) going to Pakistan.
Show the three eastern rivers (Ravi, Beas, Sutlej) allotted to India.
🏞️ Topography & River Flow:
The rivers flow from snow-covered Himalayan mountains to the Indus plains.
The topography supports agriculture, transport, and hydropower.
The Indus Basin has fertile soil, making it one of the world’s oldest agricultural regions.
✍️ Page 2: History – Background of the Treaty
📜 Historical Background:
After Partition in 1947, both India and Pakistan wanted control over the Indus rivers.
In 1948, India stopped water flow briefly to Pakistan, which raised tensions.
🤝 Treaty Formation (1960):
Signed on 19 September 1960 in Karachi.
Mediated by the World Bank.
Indian PM Jawaharlal Nehru and Pakistani President Ayub Khan signed it.
📂 Key Provisions of the Treaty:
India got eastern rivers: Ravi, Beas, Sutlej
Pakistan got western rivers: Indus, Jhelum, Chenab
India could use western rivers for limited irrigation and hydroelectric projects without disturbing flow.
✍️ Page 3: Major Events & Disputes
⏳ Important Events:
1948: First water dispute after Partition.
1960: Treaty signed.
1971: India-Pakistan war, but the treaty was not broken.
2016: After Uri attack, India reviewed the treaty but did not withdraw.
2023: India sent notice for treaty modification over unresolved issues.
⚔️ Disputes:
Pakistan has objected to Indian projects like Baglihar Dam and Kishanganga Hydro Project.
Most cases go to Neutral Experts or Permanent Court of Arbitration.
📚 These events show that while the treaty has been challenged, it has endured for over 60 years.
✍️ Page 4: Political Science – Bilateral Relationship
🌐 Bilateral Importance:
The treaty is seen as a symbol of peace, even during wars.
Shows that diplomacy can work even when other political ties break down.
🤝 International Support:
The World Bank played a neutral third-party role.
Other countries view the treaty as a model for water-sharing agreements.
📑 Recent Developments:
Climate change and increasing water demands make the treaty more relevant.
Some experts suggest that the treaty must be updated to meet modern environmental challenges.
✍️ Page 5: Conclusion & Future Possibilities
✅ Conclusion:
The Indus Waters Treaty is not just a legal document but a foundation of peace and cooperation.
Geography, history, and politics all show that the success of this treaty lies in compromise and mutual benefit.
🔮 Way Forward:
Both countries must:
Invest in sustainable water use
Adapt the treaty to climate realities
Use science and diplomacy to resolve future disputes
➡️ "Water should unite, not divide us."
Subject: Computer / IT
Project Topic: The Indus Waters Treaty – A Lifeline Across Borders
Total Pages: 4–5 (A4 handwritten or digitally
formatted)
Subtopics: Data Visualization in
Excel, PowerPoint Presentation, Use of ICT Tools
✍️ Page 1: Introduction – Importance of IT in Understanding the Treaty
In today's world, Information Technology (IT) plays a powerful role in analyzing, presenting, and sharing important data. When studying international treaties like the Indus Waters Treaty, IT helps us in:
Visualizing water distribution data
Creating charts and graphs
Preparing PowerPoint presentations
Using digital tools to understand hydrological statistics and geographical data
Why IT is important in this project:
Makes information easy to understand
Helps in comparison of water sharing
Promotes digital literacy in academic work
✍️ Page 2: Data Visualization in Excel
📊 What is Data Visualization?
Data visualization means converting raw data into pictures and charts to understand patterns clearly.
👨💻 Sample Data Table for Treaty Water Allocation:
River |
Country |
Allocation (%) |
|---|---|---|
Indus |
Pakistan |
100% |
Jhelum |
Pakistan |
100% |
Chenab |
Pakistan |
100% |
Ravi |
India |
100% |
Beas |
India |
100% |
Sutlej |
India |
100% |
📈 Excel Chart:
Create a Pie Chart showing:
50% water allocation to India (eastern rivers)
50% to Pakistan (western rivers)
Or create a Bar Graph comparing individual river usage between both countries
🖍️ For your project: Take a screenshot or hand-draw a Pie Chart or Bar Graph and paste/attach it.
✍️ Page 3: PowerPoint Presentation Overview
💻 Purpose:
PowerPoint (PPT) allows us to summarize and present the treaty in a visual and engaging format.
✅ Suggested Slide Titles:
Title Slide – The Indus Waters Treaty
Background of the Treaty
Rivers and Their Allocation (with images/maps)
Treaty Importance and Challenges
Water Sharing Data (include charts from Excel)
Conclusion – Peace Through Water Cooperation
🎯 You can use animations, transitions, and visuals to enhance your presentation.
✍️ Page 4: Use of ICT in Water Management
ICT = Information and Communication Technology
Modern technologies are used to:
Monitor river flow using sensors
Predict floods and droughts
Share real-time water level data between nations
Provide online platforms for public awareness and education
Examples:
GIS Mapping of river areas
Satellite data for rainfall and glacier melt
Hydrology models to calculate water volume
🔎 Interesting Fact: India and Pakistan use technology from international agencies like the World Bank and WAPDA for water resource monitoring.
✍️ Page 5: Conclusion & Your Project Summary
🧾 Summary:
Excel helps you organize and visualize data
PowerPoint makes your project professional and clear
ICT tools allow international cooperation and scientific analysis
🌐 Final Thought:
As future citizens, learning to use digital tools to understand international issues like the Indus Waters Treaty empowers us to become informed, responsible, and digitally literate global participants.
No comments:
Post a Comment