Exercise
A. Answer the following in not more than 20 words
1. What is wildlife?
2. What are the five categories of threatened species listed in the Red Data Book
3. Mention the factors that cause depletion or loss of biodiversity
4. Name three international organisations involved in the conservation of biodiversity
5. What is the mission of the Man and the Biosphere Programme of the UNESCO
6. What is the aim of the Joint Forest Management programme?
7. Name three special projects launched to protect (particular) endangered animals in India.
8. What does sustainable utilisation of natural resources mean?
B. Answer the following on not more than 40 words
1. What does extinct mean? Name an animal that has become extinct in the world and one that t
extinct in India.
2. What is monoculture? What is the danger linked to this practice
3. What are the functions of the Botanical Survey, Zoological Survey and Forest Survey of India?
C. Answer the fallowing in not more than 100 words
1. What is biodiversity? How is it linked to our survival?
2. What is an exotic species? How do exotic species harm biodiversity?
3 Write hilly about the Chipko Andolan.
D. Complete the following.
1. Protecting wildlife in its natural surroundings is called...... conservation.
2. The Red Data Book is published by the .......
3. The...... community is associated with a tradition of caring for plants and animals.
4. All development projects have to get...... clearance from the government.
5. Traditional activities like firewood collection are banned in
E. Choose the correct option in each of the following.
1. Sunderlal Bahuguna and Chandi Prasad Bhat are associated with the
(a) Chipko Andolan
(b) Save the Nilgiris campaign
(c) Joint Forest Management programme
(d) Silent Valley protest
2. Which of the following is a biosphere reserve?
(a) The Gulf of Mannar
(b) The Sunderbans
(c) The Nilgiris
(d) All the three
3. The Gir national park aims at saving
(a) elephants
(b) tigers
(c) lions
(d) leopards
4. Pockets of forests preserved traditionally by the people as abodes of deities are called
(a) national forests
(b) national parks
(c) sanctuaries
(d) sacred groves
5. Conserving plants and animals outside their natural habitat is called
(a) in-situ conservation
(b) ex-situ conservation
(c) captive breeding
(d) captive cultivation
Answer
A.
1. Wildlife refers to all living organisms that are not domesticated and grow or live in natural environments.
2. The five categories of threatened species listed in the Red Data Book are critically endangered, endangered, vulnerable, rare, and indeterminate.
3. Habitat destruction, overexploitation, pollution, climate change, and invasive alien species are some factors that cause depletion or loss of biodiversity.
4. WWF, IUCN, and UNEP are three international organizations involved in the conservation of biodiversity.
5. The mission of the Man and the Biosphere Programme of UNESCO is to promote sustainable development and the conservation of biological diversity through research, education, and training.
6. The Joint Forest Management programme aims to involve local communities in the conservation and management of forests.
7. Project Tiger, Project Elephant, and Project Rhino are three special projects launched to protect endangered animals in India.
8. Sustainable utilization of natural resources means using them in a way that meets the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
B.
1. Extinct means a species that no longer exists on Earth. One animal that has become extinct in the world is the dodo bird. In India, the pink-headed duck is an example of a species that has become extinct.
2. Monoculture is the practice of growing only one crop in a particular area. The danger linked to this practice is that it can lead to a decrease in biodiversity, as it may result in the loss of other plant and animal species that depend on the diverse ecosystem.
3. The Botanical Survey of India is responsible for surveying and documenting the flora of India, while the Zoological Survey of India does the same for the fauna. The Forest Survey of India is responsible for monitoring and assessing the country's forest cover and related resources.
C.
1. Biodiversity refers to the variety of life on Earth, including the different species of plants, animals, and microorganisms, their genes, and the ecosystems they form. It is linked to our survival as it provides essential ecosystem services such as air and water purification, climate regulation, and soil fertility. Biodiversity also provides food, medicine, and raw materials for human use. Additionally, it contributes to cultural and recreational activities, and has aesthetic and spiritual values.
2. An exotic species is a plant or animal species that is introduced into a new environment where it is not native. Exotic species can harm biodiversity in a number of ways, such as by outcompeting native species for resources, preying on native species, or introducing new diseases or parasites. This can disrupt the natural balance of the ecosystem, leading to the decline or extinction of native species.
3. The Chipko Andolan was a movement in India in the 1970s that aimed to protect forests from deforestation. The movement was led by rural women who hugged trees to prevent them from being felled. The movement gained widespread attention and led to the formulation of policies for the protection of forests and the rights of local communities. The Chipko Andolan is considered a landmark in the history of environmental movements in India and has inspired similar movements in other parts of the world.
D.
1. Protecting wildlife in its natural surroundings is called "in-situ" conservation.
2. The Red Data Book is published by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
3. The "Bishnoi" community is associated with a tradition of caring for plants and animals.
4. All development projects have to get "environmental" clearance from the government.
5. Traditional activities like firewood collection are banned in "protected" areas.
E.
1. (a) Chipko Andolan
2. (d) All the three
3. (c) lions
4. (d) sacred groves
5. (b) ex-situ conservation
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