Exercise
A. Answer the following in not more than 20 words.
1. What are nonrenewable resources? Give two examples.
2. Why is it said that plantations cannot make up for the loss of primary forests?
3. What are the natural causes of deforestation?
4. Mention some human activities that cause deforestation.
5. How do forests protect the soil?
6. Mention the consequences of deforestation.
7. Why are coal. petroleum and natural gas called fossil fuels?
8. What do you understand by the term commercial energy"?
9. Name the products formed by the destructive distillation of coal. What is ammoniacal liquor
used for?
10. Name some alternative sources of energy that we can use for the generation of electricity.
B. Answer the following in not more than 40 words.
1. What measures can we take to bring down the number of trees felled annually for the
production of paper?
2. What impact does deforestation have on the climate?
3. How are petroleum and natural gas formed?
C. Answer the following in not more than 100 words.
1. What is shifting cultivation? What impact does it have on forests?
2. In what different ways does large-scale logging for timber destroy forests?
3. How does deforestation cause floods and droughts?
4. Write briefly about the stages in the formation of coal.
D. Complete the following
1. For the rural poor in developing countries is the primary source of energy
2. The process by which the carbon content of coal increases is called.....
3. Energy derived from animal excreta and plant waste is called...... energy.
4. A natural fountain of hot water and steam is called a ......
5. A worldwide increase in temperature is called.......warming.
6 Petrol made from sources other than petroleum is called petrol.
Choose the correct option in each of the following
1. In recent years the total forest cover in our country has
(a) stabilised
(b) increased greatly
(c) somewhat decreased
(d) decreased greatly
2. Shifting cultivation is practised in
(a) north-eastern India
(b) the coastal plains
(c) the northern plains
(d) central India
3. What percentage of the energy requirement of our country is met by coal?
(a) 10
(b) 30
(c) 65
(d) 100
4. Natural gas is used to produce
(a) coke
(b) carbon black
(c) biodiesel
(d) coal tar
5. Biodiesel is made from
(a) waste paper
(b) cattle dung
(c) animal fat and vegetable oils
(d) crop residue
Answer
A. Answer the following in not more than 20 words.
1. Nonrenewable resources are those that cannot be replaced, like fossil fuels. Example: coal, petroleum.
2. Plantations cannot make up for the loss of primary forests as they have low biodiversity and cannot replicate the intricate ecosystems.
3. Natural causes of deforestation include landslides, volcanic eruptions, and wildfires.
4. Human activities like logging, mining, agriculture, and urbanization cause deforestation.
5. Forests protect the soil by preventing erosion, promoting nutrient cycling and soil formation, and reducing runoff.
6. Deforestation leads to soil erosion, loss of biodiversity, climate change, and adverse effects on water cycles.
7. Coal, petroleum, and natural gas are called fossil fuels as they are formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals.
8. Commercial energy refers to energy that is produced for commercial use, such as electricity for industries and households.
9. Destructive distillation of coal produces coal gas, coal tar, and coke. Ammoniacal liquor is used for making fertilizers.
10. Alternative sources of energy include solar, wind, hydropower, geothermal, and biomass.
B. Answer the following in not more than 40 words.
1. We can bring down the number of trees felled for paper production by using recycled paper and reducing paper usage.
2. Deforestation contributes to climate change by releasing carbon dioxide, reducing carbon sequestration, and altering weather patterns.
3. Petroleum and natural gas are formed from the remains of marine organisms that were buried under sedimentary rocks.
C. Answer the following in not more than 100 words.
1. Shifting cultivation is a type of subsistence agriculture where small plots of land are cleared, cultivated for a few years, and then abandoned for the forest to regenerate. This practice leads to deforestation, soil degradation, and loss of biodiversity, as it involves the use of fire to clear land.
2. Large-scale logging for timber destroys forests by reducing the forest cover, changing the composition of species, and disrupting the ecosystem. It also leads to soil erosion, landslides, and loss of habitat for wildlife.
3. Deforestation alters the water cycle by reducing the water-holding capacity of the soil, leading to floods and soil erosion. It also affects rainfall patterns, leading to droughts in some areas and floods in others.
4. Coal is formed from the remains of ancient plants that were buried and compressed over millions of years, undergoing physical and chemical changes. The stages of coal formation are peat, lignite, sub-bituminous, bituminous, and anthracite.
D. Complete the following
1. For the rural poor in developing countries, biomass is the primary source of energy.
2. The process by which the carbon content of coal increases is called carbonization.
3. Energy derived from animal excreta and plant waste is called bioenergy.
4. A natural fountain of hot water and steam is called a geyser.
5. A worldwide increase in temperature is called global warming.
6. Petrol made from sources other than petroleum is called biofuel.
Choose the correct option in each of the following
1. In recent years, the total forest cover in our country has somewhat decreased.
2. Shifting cultivation is practiced in north-eastern India.
3. About 65% of the energy requirement of our country is met by coal.
4. Natural gas is used to produce carbon black.
5. Biodiesel is made from animal fat and vegetable oils.
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